Turdus migratorius
(American Robin)

Physical Description:
9-11" (23-28 cm). Dark gray to black above; white, broken eyering. Red-orange breast and belly; white undertail coverts. Yellow bill; white streaking on throat.

Similar Species- Varied Thrush

Song:
Rising and falling phrases: cheer-up cheerily.

Distribution:
Breeds from portions of Alaska and Canada, south to southern California, southern Mexico, Gulf Coast, and central Florida. Resident in mountains of southern Baja California. Winters from British Columbia and northern U.S. (irregularly), south to Baja California, Guatemala, and Gulf Coast.

Habitat:
Found in forests, woodlands, scrub, parks, thickets, gardens, cultivated lands, savannas, swamps, and suburbs.

Diet:
Worms, insects, and other invertebrates dominate spring diet. Fruits dominate fall and winter diet.

Ecology:
Builds nest in shrub or human-built structure. Will occasionally nest on ground. Forages on ground. May take food from vegetation. Frequently roosts communally after young fledge.

Reproduction:
Female incubates 3-6 eggs (usually 4), for 11-14 days. Young are tended by both parents, and leave nest at 14- 16 days. Female usually produces 2 broods/yr.

Conservation:

Element Code:	ABPBJ20170
Status:	Protected nongame species
Global Rank:	G5
State Rank:	S5,NTMB
National Rank:	N5

Important State References:
Medin, D.E. 1985. Densities and nesting heights of breeding birds in a Idaho Douglas-fir forest. Northwest Sci. 59:45-52.