The family is known as the Brush-Footed butterflies because the forelegs
of the adults are small and hairy, resembling tiny brushes, and are not used
for walking.
At least 150 species of Nymphalids can be found in North America, with 47
occurring in Idaho. These include the Fritillaries (Subfamily Heliconiinae),
the true Brush-Foots (Subfamily Nymphalinae), and the Admirals and Relatives
(Subfamily Limenitidinae).
The butterflies in this family vary considerably in their appearance, but
generally can be characterized by the following, in addition to their reduced
forelegs: 1) medium to large in size and brightly and/or uniquely marked;
2) the pattern of wing veins of the forewing is unique; and 3) the rigid antennae
are tipped with little knobs, called clubs.
Interesting traits demonstrated by some members of this family include lengthy
migrations, territoriality,
and the ability to overwinter as adults.
Eggs vary in shape and in their arrangement on the plant. Caterpillars
vary considerably in their appearance, but are often hairy or spiny.
Pupae have a cremaster
from which they are suspended upside down, but have no silk
girdle and form no cocoon.
Caterpillars are the typical overwintering stage, although the adults of some
species may overwinter as well.
