The spring water temperature is a constant 59 degrees Fahrenheit, with a average annual discharge (Q) of 220 cubic feet per second (cfs). The spring water is extremely clean due to natural filtration, and relatively warm as compared to natural trout spawning waters. This provides ideal growth and rearing conditions for the Niagara Springs hatchery trout.

A perceptible decline in Q has been occurring in the past few years, as with most springs in this section of the Snake River system. A temporary annual decline in Q also occurs with the beginning of the agricultural season in the Snake River Plain and increased irrigation demands on the aquifer.

In addition to Niagara Springs Hatchery, Niagara Springs supplies water to Rim View Trout Company (located next door to the Idaho Power facility), the Department of Fish & Game's Niagara Springs Wildlife Management Area, and Pugmire State Park. Water rights divide outflow from the spring between the four.